This research aims at characterizing SnS/SnO material for photovoltaic applications where the molar concentration of tin (Sn) varied as the parameters for characterization in the synthesis's process from 0.1-0.4 mol via the successive ionic layer adsorption reaction (SILAR) approach. A face-centered cubic structure with orientations along the 200 plane corresponds to the considerable peak at 2theta values of 31.82o. The lattice constant rises as the 2-theta angle rise from 20o -70o, causing the material's diffraction peak to become less intense. Crystallites made up of different sizes were found with the film deposited with 0.1 mol of tin, comprising unevenly shaped rods and loosely packed particles, whereas at 0.2 mol, the crystallite size is more sizable than the materials deposited at 0.3 mol to 0.4 mol and gets smaller as the molarity level rises. The thickness of the material rose from 109.12 to 112.21 nm, which caused the resistivity of the deposited material to decrease from 9.562 × 109 -7.312 × 109. The electrical conductivities of the deposited SnS/SnO material increased proportionally to the thickness of the material with values between (1.045-1.367) x 10-10.

First, polyimide (PI)-epoxy resin (EP) polymer matrix was prepared from 3, 3′-diethyl-4, 4′-diamino diphenyl methane (DEDADPM), benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BTDA) and epoxy resin (E-51), through thermal imide process. Then, the nanometer alumina (Al2O3) modified by the coupling agent, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (KH550), was doped into the PI-EP polymer matrix, using an in situ sol-gel method to prepare a series of KH550-Al2O3/PI-EP nanocomposite materials based on different KH550-Al2O3 contents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that in the presence of chemical reaction between poly (amic acid) and epoxy resin, an imide ring was formed, the thermal imidization reaction of the materials was completed and the KH550-Al2O3 had doped into the PI–EP polymer matrix. The heat-resistance, dielectric specification and mechanical properties of KH550-Al2O3/PI-EP nanocomposite materials were evaluated. The results showed that the decomposition temperatures were ranged between 438 and 450oC, dielectric constant and dielectric loss were in the range of 3.32-3.71 and 1.5 × 10-3-2.5 × 10-2, respectively, and they all increased with the increase of KH550-Al2O3 content (0-10 wt%), but the shear strength first increased and then decreased, attained its maximum value of 10.64 MPa at 8 wt%, which was about 119 % higher than that of undoped material. The adhesive forces of nanocomposite materials were all at higher level (one or two levels). Thus, the overall performance of KH550-Al2O3/PI-EP nanocomposites was the best when the doping amount of KH550-Al2O3 was 8 wt%. The properties such as high heat-resistance, dielectric properties and ready attachment of impregnating varnish to steel plate with very high strength fully met the necessary requirement.

The use of dental materials in the human mouth is not possible except by relying on physiological, biological, pathological studies and the study of physical, mechanical, and chemical properties. Pulp capping is a treatment to deal with cases of reversible pulpitis that initiates the formation of reparative dentin so that vitality and tissue function can be maintained. The use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as a pulp capping material has shown promising results in clinical trials. The success of pulp capping treatment can be seen from reparative dentin formation through histological examination. The aim is to determine the potential use of MTA as a pulp capping material against reparative dentin formation. Secondary data from several search engines such as ProQuest, Taylor and Francis, PubMed, and Wiley appropriate with keywords were obtained through 334 journals. Journals were filtered and identified by title, abstract, and keywords with a total of 28 journals; then, they were re-filtered by considering the complete contents yielding five journals. All the research journals reviewed in this literature revealed that pulp capping with MTA on permanent human teeth could form reparative dentin. One research journal only investigated the absence of reparative dentin; two other research journals used the location of the formation of reparative dentin against medicament.In contrast, the other two journals utilized the thickness of reparative dentin as the assessment criteria. MTA as pulp capping material for reversible pulpitis treatment can form reparative dentin that could be seen from the histological examination. The quality of reparative dentin can be evaluated based on the thickness of the reparative dentin and the location of the reparative dentin formation against pulp capping material.

Cement-based composite materials like Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECCs) are applicable in the strengthening of structures because of the high tensile strength and strain. Proper mix proportion, which has the best mechanical properties, is so essential in ECC design material to use in structural components. In this paper, after finding the best mix proportion based on uniaxial tensile strength and strain, the correlation between these parameters were calculated. Since material properties depend on the content ratios, six mixtures with different Fly Ash (FA) content were considered to find the best ECC mixture called Improved ECC (IECC). Also, The influence of local fine aggregates and FA on the tensile behavior of ECC was considered to introduce IECC which has the best tensile properties. To predict the mechanical properties of ECC based on experimental results, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used. Training and validation of the proposed model were carried out based on 36 experimental results to find the best results. Numerical analysis is utilized to find the best mix proportion of ECC in structural design. The results show that the effects of FA and fine aggregates are considerable. Also, The proposed ANN model predicts the tensile strength and strain of ECC with different FA ratios accurately. Furthermore, the model can estimate mechanical properties of ECC in previous experimental results.

In this work, a new mathematical model of thermoelasticity theory has been considered in the context of a new consideration of heat conduction with fractional order theory. A functionally graded isotropic unbounded medium is considered subjected to a periodically varying heat source in the context of space-time non-local generalization of three-phase-lag thermoelastic model and Green-Naghdi models, in which the thermophysical properties are temperature dependent. The governing equations are expressed in Laplace-Fourier double transform domain and solved in that domain. Then the inversion of the Fourier transform is carried out by using residual calculus, where poles of the integrand are obtained numerically in complex domain by using Laguerre’s method and the inversion of Laplace transform is done numerically using a method based on Fourier series expansion technique. The numerical estimates of the thermal displacement, temperature and thermal stress are obtained for a hypothetical material. Finally, the obtained results are presented graphically to show the effect of non-local fractional parameter on thermal displacement, temperature and thermal stress. A comparison of the results for different theories (three-phase-lag model, GN model II, GN model III) is presented and the effect of non-homogeneity is also shown. The results, corresponding to the cases, when the material properties are temperature independent, agree with the results of the existing literature.